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Hanna Reitsch
Hanna Reitsch (29 March 1912 – 24 August 1979) was a German aviatrix, test pilot, and the only woman awarded the Iron Cross First Class and the Luftwaffe Pilot/Observer Badge in Gold with Diamonds during World War II. She set over forty altitudes and endurance records during her career, both before and after World War II, and several of her international gliding records still stood in 2012. In the 1960s she founded a gliding school in Ghana, where she worked for Kwame Nkrumah.
==Early life==
Reitsch was born in Hirschberg, Silesia (today Jelenia Góra in Poland) on 29 March 1912 to an upper-middle-class family. She had a brother, Kurt, and a sister. Although her mother was a devout Catholic, Reitsch and her siblings were brought up in the Protestant religion of their father,〔Reitsch, Hanna (2009). ''The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot''. Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers.〕 an ophthalmologist who wanted her to become a doctor. Interested in aviation, she thought she might become a flying missionary doctor in North Africa and studied medicine for a time at the Colonial School for Women at Rendsburg.〔 She began flight training from Pit van Husen in 1932 with a Schneider Grunau 9 glider at the School of Gliding in Grunau,〔 and, under Wolf Hirth's guidance, set a five-hour world record.〔 While a medical student in Berlin she enrolled in a German Air Mail amateur flying school for powered aircraft at Staaken, instructed by Otto Thomsen in a Klemm Kl 25.〔 That summer, May 1933, she set a glider altitude record in a Schneider Grunau Baby.〔 She left medical school at the University of Kiel in 1933 to become, at the invitation of Wolf Hirth, a full-time glider pilot/instructor at Hornberg in Baden-Württemberg.〔 After competing in the Rhön Contests in Wasserkuppe, Reitsch contracted with the Ufa film company as a stunt pilot for the movie, "Rivals of the Air", and set an unofficial endurance record for women of eleven hours and twenty minutes south of Memel.〔 In January 1934 she joined Professor Georgii's South America expedition to study thermal conditions, along with Wolf, Peter Riedel, and Heini Dittmar.〔 While in Argentina, she became the first woman to earn the Silver C Badge, the 25th to do so among world glider pilots.〔 Reitsch became a member of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS) in June 1934〔 and one of her first tasks was flying the Heinkel He 46 on night meteorogical flights,〔 before becoming a test pilot in 1935 for the DFS Kranich〔 and the DFS Seeadler.〔 Following another flying expedition to Finland Reitsch enrolled in the Civil Airways Training School in Stettin, where she flew a twin-engine on a cross country flight and aerobatics in a Focke-Wulf Fw 44.〔 In May 1935 she participated in the International Air Display at the Lisbon "Festivas Lisboa".〔 Reitsch was given the honorary title of "Flugkapitan" by Ernst Udet in 1937, after successfully testing Hans Jacobs' divebrakes for gliders.〔 She flew from Salzburg across the Alps in May 1937 in a DFS Sperber Junior.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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